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Eating Behaviors, Volume 6, Issue 04 (December 2005) Summary:Table of Contents:
This study examined the spiritual and religious (S/R) beliefs and practices of college-age women at high-risk for eating disorders, and the relationship between body image distress, coping, and S/R. Method Two hundred fifty-five college-age women with elevated weight and shape concerns, assessed using the Weight/Shape Concerns Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), completed surveys about their S/R beliefs and practices. Results Women with strong S/R beliefs and practices cope with body dissatisfaction differently than women without strong S/R beliefs. Participants with strong S/R were significantly more likely to pray, meditate, or read religious/spiritual texts to cope with body image distress. Participants without strong beliefs and practices were more likely to cope utilizing distraction. Women with strong beliefs who prayed found it effective. Discussion Study participants were heterogenenous in their S/R beliefs and practices. These beliefs and practices may be underutilized resources for coping with body image concerns.Article Outline 1. Methods 1.1. Participants 1.2. Procedure 1.3. Measures 1.3.1. Demographics 1.3.2. Diagnostic interview 1.3.3. Height/body weight 1.3.4. Eating disorder attitudes 1.3.5. Weight concerns 1.3.6. Mood 1.3.7. Coping strategies 1.3.8. Spiritual and religious beliefs 1.4. Data analysis 2. Results 2.1. Participants 3. Discusssion References
Worry is a mental process associated with anxiety disorders. The key feature of worry is the predominance of a negative-type and preoccupied thought about possible threatening future events. Objective Some studies have shown that worry may be a feature of eating disorders. This study aims to measure whether worry is significantly higher in eating disordered individuals than in a normal control group and whether worry is associated with the Eating Disorders Inventory. Methods Sixty-three individuals affected by an eating disorder (34 anorexics and 29 bulimics) completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Thirty normal controls completed the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Results Penn State Worry Questionnaire scores were significantly higher in eating disordered individuals than in controls. It was associated with all the symptoms of eating disorders and was correlated with all the EDI subscales, except for the subscale ‘bulimia’. These findings suggest that worry is important for understanding the psychopathology of eating disorders.Article Outline 1. Methods 1.1. Participants 1.1.1. ED group 1.1.2. Control group 1.2. Measures 1.2.1. Measures of ED 1.2.2. Measures of worry 1.3. Procedures 2. Results 3. Discussion Acknowledgements References
The present study examined the relationship between negative emotions, body dissatisfaction, exercise, and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among obese college students. It also examined whether there were gender differences in these variables. A total of 88 males and 102 females, who reported a BMI score above 30, completed a survey. Females reported higher levels of disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, and more frequent dieting than males and as predicted, males reported higher levels of exercise behaviors. Body dissatisfaction, anger discomfort, and self dissatisfaction all correlated with drive for thinness for both genders. Anger discomfort was the only variable to predict disordered eating for both genders. The results support numerous studies that have found that females are at greater risk of disordered eating than males, and also suggest that anger management may be an important component in treatment of disordered eating among obese young adults.Article Outline 1. Method 1.1. Participants 1.2. Procedure 2. Results 3. Discussion Acknowledgements References
The vast majority of ED research has focused on women. However, recent studies have suggested that ED symptomatology in men may be underestimated. Additional investigations are needed to better understand EDs and their correlates among men. This study examined the relationships between childhood abuse experiences and disordered eating in male undergraduates. In addition, potential mediators and moderators of the association between abuse and disordered eating were evaluated. Results indicated that physical abuse and physical neglect were the only adverse childhood experiences associated with disordered eating. In addition, depression mediated the associations between these forms of abuse and ED symptomatology. However, neither anxiety nor alexithymia were significant mediators of the association between abuse and EDs. Social support moderated the association between physical neglect and depression, such that individuals with high social support were less depressed than those with low social support, regardless of their level of physical neglect. These results are somewhat different than those found in exclusively female samples, highlighting the importance of specifically examining EDs and their correlates among men.Article Outline 1. Methods 1.1. Participants 1.2. Measures 1.2.1. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) 1.2.2. Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) 1.2.3. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) 1.2.4. State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 1.2.5. Perceived Social Support Scale 1.2.6. Bulimia Test—Revised (BULIT—R) 1.3. Procedure 2. Results 2.1. Descriptive statistics 2.2. Regression analyses 2.2.1. Abuse and disordered eating 2.2.2. Does depression mediate the association between abuse and disordered eating in men? 2.2.3. Does alexithymia mediate the association between abuse and disordered eating in men? 2.2.4. Does anxiety mediate the association between abuse and disordered eating in men? 2.2.5. Does social support moderate the association between abuse and depression? 3. Discussion Acknowledgements References
This study examines ethnic and gender differences in eating attitudes and behaviors among college students. Participants were 225 Black and 199 White students sampled from a historically Black university. White participants were more dissatisfied with their bodies, engaged in more self-loathing, and dieted more than Blacks. Similarly, women were more dissatisfied with their bodies, engaged in more self-loathing, dieted more, and showed a greater drive for thinness than men. White women and Blacks of either gender exhibited similar predictors of drive for thinness with each group showing some combination of dieting and self-loathing. Intrapersonal anger predicted drive for thinness in White men, adding to a growing body of research suggesting a link between anger and eating disorders. Results support a substantial body of literature showing that Black and White college students differ on their views of body image and eating. Future research should explore the role of anger as a risk factor for eating disorders among White men.Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Method 2.1. Participants 2.2. Procedure 3. Results 4. Discussion Acknowledgements References
(1) To identify gender differences regarding psychopathological, family and social characteristics in adolescents with abnormal eating behavior; (2) to study risk factors for this abnormal eating in boys and girls. Method Adolescents participating in this community-based longitudinal study completed, at the age of 13 (t1) and 15 years (t2), a semi-structured interview and the validated Spanish versions of several self-reported questionnaires measuring eating and general psychopathology. A control group of 150 pupils and 159 adolescents with abnormal eating behavior were selected. Results Girls with abnormal eating showed significantly more psychiatric morbidity and boys more social difficulties. Body dissatisfaction and psychiatric morbidity predicted abnormal eating at t2 only in girls. Discussion The findings contribute to the debate on gender differences in abnormal eating behavior etiology.Article Outline 1. Method 1.1. Participants and procedure 1.2. Statistical analysis 2. Results 2.1. Gender differences in psychopathological, family and social characteristics among adolescents with abnormal eating behavior 2.2. Gender differences in the non-risk adolescents 2.3. Risk factors for abnormal eating behavior in girls and boys 3. Discussion Acknowledgements References
This study explored the functional nature of binge eating through the development of a new self-report instrument called the Binge Eating Adjective Checklist. Participants were 405 adult females who presented to a specialized eating disorders clinic. A subset of participants with bulimia nervosa also completed additional psychometrics and treatment. Those participants who reported greater reductions in negative affective and somatic states during a binge episode were also more distressed on measures of perfectionism, self-esteem, ineffectiveness, and interceptive awareness. They were also less likely to achieve abstinence from bingeing and vomiting over the course of treatment. Thus, the instrument appears to offer a methodology for studying the phenomenology of binge eating and the prediction of therapeutic outcome in bulimia nervosa.Article Outline 1. Method 1.1. Participants 1.2. Measures 1.2.1. Binge eating adjective checklist 1.2.2. Other measures 1.3. Procedure 2. Results 2.1. Defining subgroups using the BEAC RC index 2.2. Concurrent validity of the BEAC RC index 2.3. Predictive validity of the BEAC RC index 3. Discussion References
Core beliefs have been shown to mediate between eating psychopathology and dysfunctional parent–daughter interactions. However, the possible moderating role of core beliefs has been neglected. This study aimed to explore the hypothesis that core beliefs serve as moderator variables in the relationship between recalled parental rearing behaviours and eating psychopathology. Method Sixty-six women with a current eating disorder completed self-report measures of parental rearing behaviours, core beliefs, and eating psychopathology. Results Three core beliefs were found to moderate the relationship between paternal rejection and aspects of eating psychopathology. The predictive validity of paternal rejection on aspects of eating symptomatology was found to decrease as dysfunctional core beliefs increased. Discussion When levels of social isolation, vulnerability to harm, and self-sacrifice core beliefs were high, recalled parental relationships were no longer relevant to current eating psychopathology. The findings provide further evidence that core beliefs are important factors in eating disorder psychopathology and may be clinically useful in identifying targets for treatment.Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Methods 2.1. Participants 2.2. Measures and procedure 2.2.1. The Eating Disorder Inventory 2.2.2. Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 2.2.3. EMBU-Short Form 2.3. Data analysis 3. Results 3.1. Descriptive statistics 3.2. Association of parental rearing behaviours with eating symptomatology 3.3. The moderating role of core beliefs 4. Discussion References
The aim of this study was to test the consistency (repeatability) of laboratory measures of food intake, including eating microstructure (cumulative food intake curves), in non-obese humans across four eating sessions, each separated by 1 week. A secondary aim was to test the effect of dietary restraint on the food intake of female participants. Methods Mixed model analyses were used to compare average food intake across sessions, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were employed to compare within subject variability to total variance. High and low restraint females and low restraint males consumed four lunches in a Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) laboratory. The lunches consisted of one type of sandwich (chicken salad sandwich squares) or three types of sandwiches (chicken salad, ham, and turkey sandwich squares) presented in counterbalanced order. Results Measures of food intake were stable for men and women, regardless of sandwich variety. In females, level of dietary restraint (high vs. low) did not significantly affect food intake. Discussion The results indicate that eating behavior in the laboratory is sufficiently stable over time to justify evaluation of interventions designed to alter food intake using within subject designs.Article Outline 1. Methods 1.1. Participants 1.2. Assessment methods 1.2.1. Eating inventory 1.2.2. Height and body weight 1.2.3. Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) 1.2.4. Sandwich variety 1.3. Procedure 1.4. Data analytic plan 2. Results 2.1. Description of the study sample 2.2. Consistency of food intake 2.2.1. Sandwich variety 2.2.2. Dietary restraint 2.2.3. Gender 2.3. Eating microstructure: cumulative food intake curves 3. Discussion References
This article describes details of the development and psychometric characteristics of a brief self-report inventory for assessing attitudes and behaviors symptomatic of eating disorders that is currently in use in a longitudinal study of over 700 families with 11-year-old or 17-year-old twin girls. The Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS), formerly the Minnesota Eating Disorder Inventory, is a 30-item measure developed for use with children as young as 10 years as well as adults. An examination of the MEBS's psychometric properties in a large, community sample of girls, women, and men demonstrated good factor congruence, internal consistency reliability, three-year stability, as well as evidence of concurrent and criterion validity. This questionnaire has promise as a screening and assessment measure for eating disturbance in cross-sectional and longitudinal research involving individuals of a wide range of ages.Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Method 2.1. Participants 2.2. Measures 2.2.1. Development and description of the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey (MEBS) 2.2.2. Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (Fairburn & Beglin, 1994) 2.2.3. Structured diagnostic interview 2.3. Eating disorder and control groups 2.4. Statistical analyses 3. Results 3.1. Factor congruence 3.2. MEBS descriptive analyses 3.3. Internal consistency 3.4. Test–retest reliability 3.5. Concurrent validity 3.6. Criterion-related validity 4. Discussion 4.1. Factor congruence 4.2. Reliability 4.3. Validity 4.4. Psychometrics of the MEBS among girls with eating disorders 4.5. Conclusions Acknowledgements References
The College Oriented Eating Disorders Screen [COEDS; Nowak, J.A., Roberson-Nay, R., Strong, D.R., Bucceri, J. and Lejuez, C.W. (2003). Using item response theory in the development and validation of the College-Oriented Eating Disorders Screen. Eating Behaviors, 4, 345-361] was created for the purpose of identifying college students vulnerable to the development of an eating disorder. In a previous study, the COEDS was developed and tested among a college sample based on the continuum model of eating pathology. Following from this initial study, the purpose of the present study was to examine the internal consistency of the final seven-item version as well as its one month test–retest reliability and construct validity. Results indicated that the COEDS performed well when administered in its brief 7-item final format, yielding high internal consistency. Strong test–retest reliability also was observed. Finally, the COEDS demonstrated sound construct validity, showing statistically significant associations with independent measures of disordered eating beliefs and attitudes, as well as with measures assessing disordered eating behaviors. The results of this study provide further support for the use of the COEDS as a measure targeting college students who possess a vulnerability to development of an eating disorder.Article Outline 1. Method 1.1. Participants 1.2. Procedures 1.3. Measures of eating disorder vulnerability 1.3.1. College oriented eating disorders screen 1.4. Measures of eating disorder pathology 1.4.1. Bulimia test, revised 1.4.2. Eating disorder inventory 1.4.3. Eating disorders examination questionnaire 1.5. Affective measure 1.5.1. The center for epidemiological studies-depression scale 2. Results 2.1. COEDS: normative and descriptive data 2.2. COEDS and demographic relations 2.3. Internal consistency and convergent validity 2.4. Divergent validity 2.5. Test–retest reliability 3. Discussion Appendix A. The final version of the College Oriented Eating Disorders Screen (COEDS) References
The classification of eating disorders has been a matter of considerable debate. The present paper extends previous work and aimed to compare the utility of statistically derived clusters of eating disorders and conventional diagnoses. Methods Adult female eating disorder patients who had previously been classified on the basis of cluster analysis of key diagnostic variables were examined on measures of eating disorder symptomatology and psychiatric comorbidity at intake (N = 601) and subsequent follow-up after 6 and 36 months (N = 349, N = 322, respectively). Results Compared to DSM-IV diagnoses, clusters demonstrated greater utility in terms of more distinct between-group differences and higher effect sizes in relation to a wide range of variables. The greater utility of clusters was in important respects due to the reallocation of EDNOS patients to more relevant alternative categories and to a greater emphasis on psychological and behavioural features of eating disorders. Conclusions In order to achieve a better classification of eating disorders, it will be important to place increased emphasis on common psychological features. There is a need to move away from increased use of subtypes and toward a definition of eating disorder per se.Article Outline 1. Introduction 2. Methods 2.1. Participants 2.2. Instruments 2.3. Procedure 2.4. Data analysis 3. Results 3.1. Comparisons at intake 3.2. Comparisons after 6 and 36 months 4. Discussion References
pass gigle.ws NEWER EBOOKSSponsored LinksEating Behaviors, Volume 6, Issue 04 (December 2005) Keywordsdifferences coeds procedure abnormal consistency inventory psychopathology students reliability studies attitudes binge questionnaire girls completed females acknowledgements greater disordered eating eating disorders abnormal eating gender differences binge eating eating behavior acknowledgements references discussion acknowledgements procedure results eating disorder abnormal eating behavior discussion acknowledgements references |
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