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Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective

Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective

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Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective

Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective Summary:

 
By Gregory Forth
  • Publisher:   Routledge
  • Number Of Pages:   360
  • Publication Date:   2008-12-08
  • ISBN-10 / ASIN:   0710313543
  • ISBN-13 / EAN:   9780710313546
Product Description:

The book examines ‘wildmen’, images of hairy humanlike creatures known to rural villagers and other local people in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Sometimes described in considerable detail, the creatures are reported as still living or as having survived until recent times. The aim of the book is to discover the source of these representations and their status in local systems of knowledge, partly in relation to distinct categories of spiritual beings, known animals, and other human groups. It explores images of the wildman from throughout Southeast Asia, focusing in particular on the Indonesian islands, and beyond, including the Asian mainland, Africa, North America, Africa, Australia, and Oceania.


The book reveals how, in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, ‘wildmen’ cannot readily be explained as imaginary constructs rooted in cultural values and social institutions, nor as simply another kind of ‘spirit’. Also critically examined is a view of such figures as fundamentally similar expressions of a pan-human mental ‘archetype’. Forth concludes that many Asian and African figures are grounded in experience or memories of anthropoid apes supplemented by encounters with ethnic others. Representations developed among European immigrants (including the North American ‘sasquatch’) are, in part, similarly traceable to an indirect knowledge of primates, informed by long-standing European representations of hairy humans that have coloured western views of non-western peoples and which may themselves originate in ancient experience of apes. At the same time, the book demonstrates how Indonesian and other Malayo-Polynesian images cannot be explained in the same way, and explores the possibility of these reflecting an ancient experience of non-sapiens hominins.

Gregory Forth is Professor in the Department of Anthropology at the
University of Alberta, Canada.Contents
List of illustrations viii
Preface x
Acknowledgements xiii
1 Introduction 2
Organization and sources 8
2 The story of ebu gogo 12
What the ebu gogo looked like 14
How the ebu gogo behaved 16
Nage wildmen in space and time 19
Fantastic elements 24
Knowledge and categorization: survival of the image or survival
of ebu gogo? 27
Names, masks and bogeys 32
Classification: human, animal, spirit (or something else)? 36
Internal comparisons and summary considerations 39
3 Other Florenese hominoids 50
The ‘ana ula’ of Poma and Rawe 50
‘Toro gogo’ in So’a 55
Ngadha variants 57
Manggarai (western Flores): ‘ine weu’, ‘poti wolo’ and hairy
ancestors 60
The ‘lae ho’a’ of Lio 65
A note on East Flores 75
Wildmen, bogeys and ‘pontianak’ 75
vi Contents
4 Other eastern islands 91
Sumba and the ‘mili mongga’ 91
Stories from Sumbawa 101
Timor and the Moluccas: a bogey from Buru 104
Sulawesi: historical reports and local legends 106
Tales of capture, some provisional conclusions and a Flores
retrospect 110
5 The ‘short man’ (orang pendek) of Sumatra 117
Local and colonial representations 118
European sightings in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 127
Orang pendek at the end of the millennium 134
More fantastic aspects 139
Stories of capture, mating and abduction 142
Comparison and conclusions 146
6 Wildmen of western Indonesia and Mainland Southeast Asia 159
Hominoids in northern Sumatra 159
Wildmen in Borneo? 164
Peninsular figures and the ape-men of Trolak 165
More reports from the Southeast Asian mainland 168
Back to the islands: Java and Bali 171
‘Forest people’ (orang utan) reconsidered 173
7 Other Asian hominoids 182
The ‘nittaewo’ of Sri Lanka 182
Varieties of ‘yeti’ 188
Wildmen of China 194
Central Asian exemplars 198
An Asian summary 201
8 Outside Asia 204
The wildman of Europe 204
Apes in North America 207
The Australian ‘yahoo’ or ‘yowie’ 215
East Africa and the ‘little furry men’ 217
Ape-men of Central Africa 220
Southern and West African variants 227
Madagascar: a bridge back to Southeast Asia 230
Contents vii
9 Pacific images 242
Melanesian figures 242
Polynesia: wildmen, dwarfs and fairies 248
Micronesian variants 250
The extinct dwarfs of Taiwan 251
Views from the Philippines 254
Local differences and Asian origins 255
10 Conclusion: What were the ebu gogo? 260
Wildmen and spirits 263
The wildman as ‘archetype’ 265
Bases in experience: non-human animals 273
Other humans, or human others 275
Or something not quite human? 280
Notes 287
References 315
Index 338  
 
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Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective Keywords

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