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Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective
Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective Summary:By Gregory Forth
The book examines ‘wildmen’, images of hairy humanlike creatures known to rural villagers and other local people in Southeast Asia and elsewhere. Sometimes described in considerable detail, the creatures are reported as still living or as having survived until recent times. The aim of the book is to discover the source of these representations and their status in local systems of knowledge, partly in relation to distinct categories of spiritual beings, known animals, and other human groups. It explores images of the wildman from throughout Southeast Asia, focusing in particular on the Indonesian islands, and beyond, including the Asian mainland, Africa, North America, Africa, Australia, and Oceania. The book reveals how, in Southeast Asia and elsewhere, ‘wildmen’ cannot readily be explained as imaginary constructs rooted in cultural values and social institutions, nor as simply another kind of ‘spirit’. Also critically examined is a view of such figures as fundamentally similar expressions of a pan-human mental ‘archetype’. Forth concludes that many Asian and African figures are grounded in experience or memories of anthropoid apes supplemented by encounters with ethnic others. Representations developed among European immigrants (including the North American ‘sasquatch’) are, in part, similarly traceable to an indirect knowledge of primates, informed by long-standing European representations of hairy humans that have coloured western views of non-western peoples and which may themselves originate in ancient experience of apes. At the same time, the book demonstrates how Indonesian and other Malayo-Polynesian images cannot be explained in the same way, and explores the possibility of these reflecting an ancient experience of non-sapiens hominins. Gregory Forth is Professor in the Department of Anthropology at theUniversity of Alberta, Canada.Contents List of illustrations viii Preface x Acknowledgements xiii 1 Introduction 2 Organization and sources 8 2 The story of ebu gogo 12 What the ebu gogo looked like 14 How the ebu gogo behaved 16 Nage wildmen in space and time 19 Fantastic elements 24 Knowledge and categorization: survival of the image or survival of ebu gogo? 27 Names, masks and bogeys 32 Classification: human, animal, spirit (or something else)? 36 Internal comparisons and summary considerations 39 3 Other Florenese hominoids 50 The ‘ana ula’ of Poma and Rawe 50 ‘Toro gogo’ in So’a 55 Ngadha variants 57 Manggarai (western Flores): ‘ine weu’, ‘poti wolo’ and hairy ancestors 60 The ‘lae ho’a’ of Lio 65 A note on East Flores 75 Wildmen, bogeys and ‘pontianak’ 75 vi Contents 4 Other eastern islands 91 Sumba and the ‘mili mongga’ 91 Stories from Sumbawa 101 Timor and the Moluccas: a bogey from Buru 104 Sulawesi: historical reports and local legends 106 Tales of capture, some provisional conclusions and a Flores retrospect 110 5 The ‘short man’ (orang pendek) of Sumatra 117 Local and colonial representations 118 European sightings in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries 127 Orang pendek at the end of the millennium 134 More fantastic aspects 139 Stories of capture, mating and abduction 142 Comparison and conclusions 146 6 Wildmen of western Indonesia and Mainland Southeast Asia 159 Hominoids in northern Sumatra 159 Wildmen in Borneo? 164 Peninsular figures and the ape-men of Trolak 165 More reports from the Southeast Asian mainland 168 Back to the islands: Java and Bali 171 ‘Forest people’ (orang utan) reconsidered 173 7 Other Asian hominoids 182 The ‘nittaewo’ of Sri Lanka 182 Varieties of ‘yeti’ 188 Wildmen of China 194 Central Asian exemplars 198 An Asian summary 201 8 Outside Asia 204 The wildman of Europe 204 Apes in North America 207 The Australian ‘yahoo’ or ‘yowie’ 215 East Africa and the ‘little furry men’ 217 Ape-men of Central Africa 220 Southern and West African variants 227 Madagascar: a bridge back to Southeast Asia 230 Contents vii 9 Pacific images 242 Melanesian figures 242 Polynesia: wildmen, dwarfs and fairies 248 Micronesian variants 250 The extinct dwarfs of Taiwan 251 Views from the Philippines 254 Local differences and Asian origins 255 10 Conclusion: What were the ebu gogo? 260 Wildmen and spirits 263 The wildman as ‘archetype’ 265 Bases in experience: non-human animals 273 Other humans, or human others 275 Or something not quite human? 280 Notes 287 References 315 Index 338 Please select one mirror to download
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Sponsored LinksImages of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective Keywordswildmen asian asia southeast gogo local images ebu wildman figures representations africa apes flores hairy knowledge hominoids variants western orang immigrants including similarly traceable indirect knowledge primates informed european immigrants representations developed pan human mental mental archetype african figures long standing europeanImages of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective download copyrightThis site does not store Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective on its server. We only index and link to Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia: An Anthropological Perspective if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately. |
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