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2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools
2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools Summary:Internet & Democracy Case Study Series Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey Publisher: The Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University Published: March 2009 Pages: 95 The Internet and Democracy Project is an initiative that will examine how the Internet influences democratic norms and modes, including its impact on civil society, citizen media, government transparency, and the rule of law, with a focus on the Middle EastAbstract As the Internet has exploded over the past fifteen years, recently reaching over a billion users, dozens of national governments from China to Saudi Arabia have tried to control the network by filtering out content objectionable to the countries for any of a number of reasons. A large variety of different projects have developed tools that can be used to circumvent this filtering, allowing people in filtered countries access to otherwise filtered content. In this report, we describe the mechanisms of filtering and circumvention and evaluate ten projects that develop tools that can be used to circumvent filtering: Anonymizer, Ultrareach, DynaWeb Freegate, Circumventor/CGIProxy, Psiphon, Tor, JAP, Coral, and Hamachi. We evaluated these tools in 2007 -- using both tests from within filtered countries and tests within a lab environment -- for their utility, usability, security, promotion, sustainability, and openness. We find that all of the tools use the same basic mechanisms of proxying and encryption but that they differ in their models of hosting proxies. Some tools use proxies that are centrally hosted, others use proxies that are peer hosted, and others use re-routing methods that use a combination of the two. We find that, in general, the tools work in the sense that they allow users to access pages that are otherwise blocked by filtering countries but that performance of the tools is generally poor and that many tools have significant, unreported security vulnerabilities. The report was completed in 2007 and released to a group of private sponsors. Many of the findings of the report are now out of date, but we present them now, as is, because we think that the broad conclusions of the report about these tools remain valid and because we hope that other researchers will benefit from access to the methods used to test the tools. Responses from developers of the tools in question are included in the report. Contents: Cover Title Page Table of Contents 1. Preface 2. Theoretical Landscape A. Social, Political, and Technical Filtering B. Technical Filtering Methods C. Circumvention Methods D. Use Cases 3. Tool Analysis A. Tool Comparison Summary B. Aggregate Lab Test Results C. Aggregate Testing Results 4. Anonymizer Anonymous Surfing Report A. Summary B. Lab Testing Results C. In Country Testing Results D. Availability E. Install F. User Interface G. Server Component H. Blocking Resistance I. Internationalization J. Internal Filtering K. Security L. (not marked) M. Support N. Development Activity O. Community P. Code Availability Q. Development Process R. Evaluation S. Response 5. Anonymizer China Report 6. DynaWeb FreeGate Report 7. UltraReach Report 8. Circumventor/CGIProxy Report 9. Psiphon Report 10. JAP Report 11. Tor Report 12. Coral Report 13. Hamachi Report 14. Conclusions Appendix I: Methods password: R20090801 MD5: A98C3F83220845568BB4391E4C467B89 Please select one mirror to download
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